The Signal Hill site on Staten Island at The Narrows, eventually known as Fort Wadsworth, was first fortified with a blockhouse by Dutch settler David Pieterszen de Vries in 1636. In 1673, during the Third Anglo-Dutch War, the Dutch seized New York from the English, but the English regained the colony the following year via the Treaty of Westminster that ended that war. This ended with the Treaty of Breda in 1667, which made the English takeover official. Lingering resentment over the takeover was a cause of the Second Anglo-Dutch War in 1665. Fort Amsterdam was renamed Fort James in his honor. The colony was named for its nominal ruler, James, Duke of York, who later became King James II of England. The English renamed the city "New York" at this time and established the Province of New York from the former New Netherland, also establishing the Province of New Jersey the next year. Stuyvesant felt the colony could not defend itself, regretting that his prior requests for troops and defensive resources from the Dutch West India Company had not been met, and on 8 September he surrendered New Netherland to the English.
In 1664 an English expedition arrived in what is now New York Harbor and demanded the colony's surrender. In 1655 Peter Stuyvesant led an expedition that subjugated the New Sweden colony along the Delaware River, and in that same year a raid by Indian allies of the Swedes in the " Peach Tree War" caused significant damage and loss of life in New Amsterdam and the surrounding area. In 1653 the wall at what is now Wall Street was added for protection from potential English attack. The next year the colony moved to Manhattoes (now southern Manhattan) to establish New Amsterdam, which has been settled ever since, and built Fort Amsterdam to protect themselves. Also in that year, Dutch settlement of what became New York City began with a colony on Noten Eylandt (Nut or Nutten Island, now Governors Island). In 1624, after floods showed that Fort Nassau was untenable, it was replaced with Fort Orange. In 1621 the Dutch West India Company took over management of New Netherland and other Dutch possessions in the New World.
Map of New Amsterdam showing Fort Amsterdam and the wall, published 1660 (north is to the right). This colony was established primarily to exploit the North American fur trade, and grew over the next forty years with fortified settlements from the South River ( Delaware River) to what is now Rhode Island. This was the first permanent Dutch settlement in the area, by the New Netherland Company as part of the colony of the same name. In 1614 Fort Nassau, a factorij or fortified trading post, was established at what is now Albany, New York. Other Dutch-sponsored explorers soon followed him, with a blockhouse/trading post in Manhattan by 1612. Dutch settlement of the area began with an expedition in 1609 by Henry Hudson, an Englishman working for the Dutch East India Company, for whom the Hudson River (called the North River in the Dutch period) and other places are named. It is unclear when it was disestablished. In 1542 the French established a fortified trading post known as Fort d'Anormée Berge (Fort of the Grand Scarp), in southern Manhattan on an island in a lake later called Collect Pond. He was closely followed the next year by a Spanish expedition led by the Portuguese explorer Estêvão Gomes. Giovanni da Verrazzano, an Italian working for France, is credited with being the first European to explore the New York City area, in 1524. History Early forts in New York City Colonial period
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